A statistically significant association between 2D:4D ratio and MS status was observed in the univariate logistic regression model (p0.15 for each), and it was not correlated with adult testosterone levels (r=0.06, p=0.68, n=51).ĭuring the prenatal period, low androgens could represent a risk factor for MS. In total, we scanned 137 men with MS and 145 men without MS. Our primary analysis was a cross-sectional comparison of the 2D:4D ratio between men with and without MS, using a 2-sample t test for independent samples assuming unequal variance. In participants with MS, we assessed age at first MS symptoms, MS type, and the MS Severity Score 51 had provided a testosterone level within 10 years of symptom onset. We calculated a mean 2D:4D ratio using digital calipers. All individuals were aged 18 to 65 years, right-handed, and reported no prior digit trauma. We obtained 2 digital scans of the right hand for men with MS presenting to a scheduled clinic visit at a large MS referral center, and for men without autoimmune or endocrine diseases. Objectives: Digit lengths, and in particular the ratio of the 2nd (2D) to 4th (4D) digit (2D:4D), are stable in adulthood and have been linked to characteristics thought to have developmental origins, but little research has focused on early life determinants of these measures. To determine whether the 2D:4D ratio (ratio of the second and fourth digit lengths), a proxy for lower prenatal androgen to estrogen ratio, differs in men with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) using a case-control study design.
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